英語(yǔ)閱讀理解：解題技巧

　　【復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)】

　　▲提高自身的閱讀速度。

　　▲學(xué)會(huì)抓住全文的中心思想，學(xué)會(huì)分析每個(gè)選項(xiàng)。

　　▲學(xué)會(huì)做題過(guò)程中的總結(jié)、歸納、積累知識(shí)和解題經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

　　【課前準(zhǔn)備】

　　●總結(jié)已經(jīng)做過(guò)哪些類(lèi)型的文章的閱讀理解題目，并自己找五篇文章進(jìn)行閱讀理解。

　　【解題技巧】

　　1.閱讀短文時(shí)，要做到邊閱讀、邊思考、邊標(biāo)記。把文中你認(rèn)為比較重要的信息用

　　筆畫(huà)一下。目的是能快捷地把題目與文中相關(guān)的信息加以比較，從而作出正確的判斷。

　　2.對(duì)較長(zhǎng)的文章，應(yīng)將題目通覽一遍，然后帶著問(wèn)題閱讀有關(guān)材料。

　　3.閱讀材料時(shí)要快中求準(zhǔn)，做閱讀理解題目時(shí)要慢中求穩(wěn)。采用“意群注視法”，即一組詞一組詞地默看，能較快地讀完短文、較準(zhǔn)確地理解短文意思。做題目時(shí)，為求穩(wěn)妥，必須慎重考慮，不要輕易落筆，否則容易出錯(cuò)。

　　4.判斷要有根據(jù)，推理要順乎作者意圖，對(duì)于推斷性或評(píng)價(jià)性之類(lèi)的閱讀理解題目，在材料中是找不到現(xiàn)成答案的，必須通讀全篇，對(duì)所獲信息加以篩選、提煉、推斷，對(duì)作者的思想傾向，對(duì)文中提及的人物或事件可能產(chǎn)生的結(jié)尾等，加以綜合評(píng)估后才能得出正確結(jié)論。

　　5.遇到生詞或難解的句子不要慌張，根據(jù)上下文的意思能夠得出正確的理解。閱讀

　　材料中，不會(huì)亂出現(xiàn)生詞，但不排除有不影響答題的生詞，同時(shí)也不排除有猜測(cè)生詞的題目出現(xiàn)，因?yàn)椴聹y(cè)詞義也是閱讀能力的體現(xiàn)。閱讀理解題在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中已充分考慮到了生詞對(duì)答題的影響，但對(duì)于那些對(duì)答題影響不大的生詞，如人名、地名等，一般不注漢語(yǔ)，只要能判斷出那些生詞的類(lèi)別就可以了，不必弄清楚其準(zhǔn)確含義。

　　【典型例題解析】

　　例 1 Outside ,Mum told me, “ Dagmar is fine. No fever. ”

　　“ You saw her, Mum? ”

　　“ Of course. I told her about the hospital rules ， and she won't expect us until tomorrow. Dad will stop worrying, too. It's a fine hospital. But such floors! A mop(拖把) is no good. You need a brush. ”

　　What can we infer(推斷) about the hospital after reading the story?

　　A. It's a hospital for children

　　B. The hospital has strict rules about visiting hours

　　C. The nurses and doctors are not very friendly

　　D. The condition(條件) of the hospital are very poor

　　解析 由于文章中提到了 “ hospital rules ” 可見(jiàn)該院有一定的規(guī)章制度 ， 不得擅自進(jìn)院探親訪友 (not...until tomorrow),故不難推出本題答案應(yīng)是B。

　　例 2 A friend of mine named Paul received an expensive car from his brother as a Christmas present. On Christmas Eve when Paul came out of his office a street urchin(頑童) was walking around a shining car.“Is this your car, Paul?”he asked.

　　Paul answered, “ Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas. ” The boy was surprised. “ You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you anything. Boy. I wish…”He hesitated(猶豫).

　　Of course Paul knew what he was going to wish for. He was going to wish he had a brother like that. But what the boy said surprised Paul greatly.

　　“ I wish, ” the boy went on, “ that I could be a brother like that. ” Paul looked at the boy in surprise, then he said again, “ Would you like to take a ride in my car? ”

　　“ Oh, yes, I'd love that. ”

　　After a short ride, the boy turned and with his eyes shining, said: “ Paul, would you mind driving in front of my house? ”

　　Paul smiled a little. He thought he knew what the boy wanted. He wanted to show his neighbours that he could ride home in a big car. But Paul was wrong again, “ Will you stop where those two steps are? ” the boy asked.

　　He ran up to the steps. Then in a short while Paul heard him coming back, but he was not coming fast. He was carrying his little crippled(殘疾) brother. He sat him down on the step and pointed to the car.

　　“ There she is. Buddy, just like I told you upstairs. His brother gave it to him for Christmas and it didn't cost him a cent. And some day I'm going to give you one just like it...then you can see for yourself all nice things in the Christmas window that I've been trying to tell you about. ”

　　Paul got out and lifted the boy to the front seat of his car. The shining-eyed older brother climbed in beside him and the three of them began an unforgettable holiday ride.

　　(1)The street urchin was very surprised when_______.

　　A. Paul received an expensive car

　　B. Paul told him about the car

　　C. he saw the shining car

　　D. he was walking around the car

　　(2)From the story we can see the urchin _______.

　　A. wished to give his brother a car

　　B. wanted Paul's brother to give him a car

　　C. wished he could have a brother like Paul's

　　D. wished Paul could be a brother like that

　　(3)The urchin asked Paul to stop his car in front of his house________.

　　A. to show his neighbours the big car

　　B. to show he had a rich friend

　　C. to let his brother about his wish

　　(4)We can infer(推斷) from the story that______.

　　A. Paul couldn't understand the urchin

　　B. the urchin had a deep love for his brother

　　C. the urchin wished to have a rich brother

　　D. the urchin's wish came true in the end

　　(5)The best name of the story is ______.

　　A. A Christmas Present B. A Street Urchin

　　C. A Brother Like That D. An Unforgettable Holiday Ride

　　解析 (1)本題考查細(xì)節(jié)理解 ， 依據(jù)本文第二段 ： Paul answered, “ Yes, my brother gave it to me for Christmas. ” The boy was surprised.故答案選B。

　　(2)本題考查學(xué)生的推理判斷能力 ， 依據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段和第三段的內(nèi)容 ， 尤其是頑童對(duì)他弟弟所說(shuō)的話 ：“ And some day I'm going to give you one just like it... ” 故選 A。

　　(3)本題考查學(xué)生的深層理解。Paul的種種猜想會(huì)對(duì)正確選擇產(chǎn)生干擾。依據(jù)是本文倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句話：“Then you can see for yourself all the nice things in the Christmas window that I've been trying to tell you about.”故選D。

　　(4)本題考查歸納文章中心。從頑童的言行之中可以看出他對(duì)殘疾弟弟有深深的愛(ài)。如 ：“ You mean your brother gave it to you and it didn't cost you anything. ”“ He was carrying his little crippled brother.”故選B。

　　(5)本題考查概括全文主旨的能力。本文敘述了兩對(duì)兄弟的關(guān)愛(ài)之情。Paul的哥哥送給他一輛小汽車(chē)作為圣誕禮物，頑童雖然沒(méi)有Paul哥哥那樣的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，但他有著一份對(duì)殘疾弟弟的深深的愛(ài)。所以A Brother Like That為最佳題目。

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