來源:中考網(wǎng) 作者:紫涵 2012-11-07 14:36:24
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義與基本用法:
(一)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的定義 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示說話人對某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的態(tài)度。
(二)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特點(diǎn) 1)有一定詞義; 2)不受主語人稱和數(shù)的變化影響;
3)與主要?jiǎng)釉~的原形(或稱不帶to的不定式)一起構(gòu)成謂語(除ought to作固定詞組看待)。
(三)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的分類和意義意義情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
(四)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法
1. can (could)1)表示能力,could主要指過去時(shí)間。Two eyes can see more than one. 兩只眼比一只眼看得清。Could the girl read she went to school? 這女孩上學(xué)前能識字嗎?
2)表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上)。
The temperature can fall to -60℃, that is 60℃ below freezing. 氣溫可降至-60℃,也就是零下60℃。
He can't (couldn't) have enough money for a new car. 他不可能有足夠的錢買新車。
You mustn't smoke while you're walking around in the wood. You could start a fire. 在林子里走時(shí)勿吸煙,那樣可能會(huì)引起火災(zāi)。
3)表示允許。Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新鋼筆嗎?He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.他問他可不可以把書帶出閱覽室。
4)表驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。
Where can (could) they have gone to? 他們會(huì)去哪兒了呢?
He can't (couldn't) be over sixty. 他不可能超過六十歲。
How can you be so careless? 你怎么這么粗心?
5)比較委婉客氣地提出問題或陳述看法。
Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 幫我一把好嗎?
I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我們今天不能給你答復(fù)。
2. may (might)
1)表允許,might可以指過去時(shí)間,也可指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,語氣更委婉。
You may take whatever you like. 你喜歡什么就拿什么。
He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告訴我可以在房間里抽煙。
May (Might) I ask for photo your baby? 我可以要一張你寶寶的照片嗎?在回答以may引起的問句時(shí),多避免用這個(gè)詞,而用其它方式,如Yes, please. / Certainly. / Please don't ./ You'd better not. / No, you mustn't.等,以免顯得太嚴(yán)峻或不客氣。
2)表可能(事實(shí)上)。可以指過去時(shí)間,也可以指現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,但語氣更加不肯定。
He may be at home. 他可能在家。
She may not know about it. 她可能不知道這件事。
He was afraid they might not agree with him. 他擔(dān)心他們可能不同意他的意見。
They might be having a meeting, but I'm not sure. 他們有可能在開會(huì),不過我不肯定。
3. Must
1)表示義務(wù)。意為"必須"(主觀意志)。
We must do everything step by step. 我們一切都必須循序漸進(jìn)地做。
You mustn't talk to her like that. 你不可能那樣對她說話。
--Must we hand in our exercise-books now? 我們現(xiàn)在就要交練習(xí)本嗎?
--No, you needn't. / No, you don't have to. 不必。(這種情況下,一般不用mustn't)
2)表示揣測。意為"想必、準(zhǔn)是、一定"等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他準(zhǔn)是病了。他的臉色蒼白。
She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴著鉆石項(xiàng)鏈,一定很有錢。
歡迎使用手機(jī)、平板等移動(dòng)設(shè)備訪問中考網(wǎng),2023中考一路陪伴同行!>>點(diǎn)擊查看