2016年中考英語閱讀技巧精講(一)(3)

　　第三題：此為類型題的一種即問某個專家的具體觀點題型，此題必須針對原文找答案，找出原文句子的同義句或解釋的句子。第一步鎖定題干位置如圖所示3。這一段較長哪句是重點?第一句為什么?看But 一詞，這一句是反對此種研究人的觀點總結，后面舉一個具體的專家觀點，可以忽略而且第一句中because這部分為答案。答案為C

　B。 對錯題。出題方法一般為Which of the following statement is true or not true? or Which of the following is right or wrong except?此種題型多數答案為文章中心句子或中心含義的進一步說明和解釋;少數題的答案為文章某一具體句子意思的解釋。

　　Do you know that women’s brains are smaller than men’s? Normally the women’s brain weighs 10% less than men’s。 Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。 Men and women always score similarly on intelligence tests， despite the difference in brain size。 Why? After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 The brain is made up of “grey matter” and “white matter”。 While men have more of the white matter， the amount(數量)of “thinking” brain is almost the same in both men and women。

　　Which of the following is TRUE according to Paragraph 1?

　　A。 Grey matter controls thinking in the brain。

　　B。 Men’s brain is 10% less than women’s。

　　C。 Grey matter plays the same role as white matter。

　　D。 Men and women have the same amount of white matter。

　　B答案的10%是最好鎖定原文的答案也最好判斷對錯，此句為主語與表語的篡改，錯。

　　C和D答案都用了the same as 句式，找回原文，C 答案明顯的無中生有，D答案為篡改原文內容，因為文中的疑問是Since research has shown that the bigger the brain， the cleverer the animal， men must be more intelligent(聰明的) than women。 Right? Wrong。注意疑問句Right?，他的回答是Wrong，錯在哪里?細看這一句，since很關鍵意思是：既然，而非自從，既然研究證明大腦越大，這種生物就越聰明，那么男人一定比女人聰明。對嗎?錯。 再往下看Why?的問句后的回答即為結論：After years of study， researchers have concluded that it’s what’s inside that matters， not just the size of the brain。 Conclude結論是：大腦內部起作用而不是大小在起作用。A答案是從原文內容推斷出來的選項而非只言片語的改寫，是在解釋最后一句的意思，故為正確答案。

　　C。 推斷題型。出題方法一般為 what can we learn from the passage? What can we infer (draw， indicate， imply) from the passage? 多數答案為文章中心意思的解釋，少數情況下為文章某一細節的總結和概括。切記推斷題型必須要體現推斷的特點，不能照抄原文，即使一模一樣也不是答案，如果是繞著文章某個句子在改寫也不是答案因為沒有體現總結和推斷的特點，只是只言片語的羅列，千萬不要選。

　　And what is wrong with a society that thinks that making up a good excuse is like creating a work of art? One of the common problems with making excuses is that people， especially young people， get the idea that it’s okay not to be totally honest all the time。 There is a corollary(直接推論)to that： if a good excuse is “good” even if it isn’t honest， then where is the place of the truth?

　　What can we infer from the last paragraph according to the writer?

　　A。 A good excuse is the same as honesty。

　　B。 Inventing a good excuse needs creative ideas。

　　C。 Unpleasant truth is better than a good excuse。

　　D。 Making a good excuse is sometimes a better idea。

　　如何判斷這一段的重點在哪里?針對一段文字來出的題型無論怎么問，對錯，總結，推斷，舉例證明什么目的，推出什么結論，所有的題的答案都是這一段中心句的解釋。這段文字重點句是最后一句，因為那里有一個漢語翻譯：直接推論，明顯是個結論，所以是重點，答案就在這一句中，而且要格外注意最后的疑問句then where is the place of the truth?

　　中國人做的答案都很短，有強烈的總結性和概括性，不照抄原文。大意為：如果一個借口足夠好即使它不是真實的，那么真理將擺在哪里呢?答案為C。

　　結論題。出題方法一般為 What can we conclude from the passage? or What is the conclusion of the passage? 結論一詞的含義是：到最后將觀點總結，所以這種題的答案在文章最后。

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