第11講：動詞語態(tài)
和時態(tài)一樣，語態(tài)也是動詞的一種形式，用來說明句中主語和謂語的關(guān)系。如果動作由主語執(zhí)行，就可使用主動語態(tài)，如果主語不是由主語執(zhí)行，主語是動作的承受者，則可使用被動語態(tài)。由此我們可以看出英語動詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。
被動語態(tài)：表示主語是動作的承受者，什么事情被主語做。被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成和形式被動語態(tài)由"助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞"構(gòu)成，一定要記住是及物動詞。助動詞必須與主語的人稱和數(shù)一致，注意要與我們前一講學(xué)過的八個時態(tài)配合使用。
適合被動語態(tài)的情況：
不知道動作由誰發(fā)出，或由于某種原因沒有必要說明誰發(fā)出動作。如： This table is made of wood. 需要突出或強調(diào)動作的承受者時，如： This park was built for children.
注意：主動句中的主語如果是people，they，somebody等含糊的表示"人或人們"，沒有確指執(zhí)行者是誰，為被動句時，通常省略"by+執(zhí)行者"。如：The door was opened secretly. But nobody came in.
注意：在主動句里,不定式在make，see，hear等動詞后面作賓語補足語時都不帶to，但變成被動句時，后面的不定式都需帶to。如：He was made to do that work.
主動語態(tài)不能變被動語態(tài)的情況：學(xué)了被動語態(tài)，別以為主動句和被動句可以隨意轉(zhuǎn)換，千萬要注意呀！有些主動語態(tài)不能轉(zhuǎn)換成被動語態(tài)。當(dāng)賓語是反身代詞時, 如：You should take care of yourself. 當(dāng)謂語是表狀態(tài)的而不是表具體動作的及物動詞時，如：Does the skirt suit you?
練習(xí)：
1. The stars _______ in the daytime.
A. can't see
B. can't be seen
C. can't been see
D. see
2. A present _______ to me by Mother next week.
A. will give
B. is given
C. will be give
D. will be given
3. The Communist Party of China _______ in Shanghai in 1921.
A. was found
B. found
C. was founded
D. founded
4. Great changes _______ in my hometown since liberation.
A. have been taken place
B. took place
C. have taken place
D. were taken place
5. I was astonished (吃驚) to hear that the colour TV set _______ 5,000 yuan.
A. has cost
B. cost
C. costed
D. was cost
6. He was seen _________ something from the shop.
A. steel
B. to steal
C. to be stolen
D. stealed
7. She has _________ by her classmates.
A. laughed
B. laughed at
C. been laughed
D. been laughed at
8. The computer ________ in the room.
A. can use
B. can be use
C. can be used
D. can used
9. That clock ______ Big Ben.
A. call
B. calling
C. is called
D. calls
10. The film _______ again sometimes next week.
A. shows
B. will shows
C. will be showed
D. shows
實踐：
1. I have never seen _____ UFO in ______ sky.
A. a , the
B. an , the
C. a, a
D. the, a
2. --How is your brother's housework done?
--________
A. Good
B. All right
C. Quite well
D. Very bad
3. They come from England . They are _______.
A. Englishman
B. English
C.Englishmans
D.an English
4. Would you please give me _____ colour pencils?
A. any
B. some
C. a little
D. much
5. My father is sleeping now, could you ____ the radio a bit?
A. turn up
B. turn on
C. turn down
D. turn off
6. It will be Children's Day soon and we're now ____ busy ____a bee.
A. as...as
B. as ... like
C. like...as
D. so ... like
7. --Well ,______?
--I have a headache, doctor.
A. how do you do
B. what's the matter with you
C. how are you feeling like
D. what kind of illness do you have
8. The teacher told the boy _____ it again.
A. don't do
B. does not do
C. to not do
D. not to do
9. I left here, ________.
A. Mary does
B. so does Mary
C. Mary did so
D. so did Mary
10. --Who teaches _____ English?
--Mr Lin.
A. you
B. your
C. she
D. Tom's
11. Have you finished _______ the book?
A. read
B. to read
C. reading
D. reads
12. The farmers taught us ______.
A. to how pick apples.
B. how pick apples.
C. how picking apples
D. how to pick apples
13. --______ I watch Pro. Brown from morning till night?
--No, you needn't.
A. Must
B. Can
C. May
D. Need.
14. Do you know ________?
A. how long has he lived here
B. how long he has lived here
C. he has lived here how long
D. he has lived how long here
15. We will go to the Great wall if it ______ tomorrow.
A. doesn't rain
B. won't rain
C. isn't raining
D. didn't rain
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