中考英語語法幾大基本時(shí)態(tài)與練習(xí)(3)

　　練習(xí)檢測

　　I 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

　　1. She ________ flowers in mygarden tomorrow morning. （water）

　　2. I will stay at home if it_________ tomorrow. （rain）

　　3. What are you ________ to dotomorrow? （go）

　　4. The radio says it ________rainy tomorrow. （be）

　　5. She says she _________ me abeautiful dress tomorrow morning. （buy）

　　II 句型轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　6. Li Ming will play with atoy car.     （轉(zhuǎn)換為一般疑問句）

　　_____Li Ming _____ with a toy car？

　　7. They’ll go for awalk after supper.    （轉(zhuǎn)換為否定句）

　　They _____ _____ for a walk after supper.

　　8. Will the flowers come outnext week?   （作否定回答）

　　_____, _____ _____.

　　9. I will have an English examtomorrow.  （轉(zhuǎn)換為同義句）

　　I _____ _____ _____ have an English examtomorrow.

　　10. The boys have a basketballl match on Saturday.   （用nextSaturday y來改寫）

　　The boys _____ _____ _____ _____ abasketball match next Saturday.

　　參考答案

　　1. will water / is going towater    2. rains   3. going    4. will be

　　5. will buy / is going tobuy   6. Will play   7. won’t go 8. No, they won’t

　　9. am going to   10. are going to have

　　六、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。可以從兩個(gè)方面來理解：1 過去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。E.g. They were playing football at ten o’clockyesterday morning.   My mother wascooking when I got home.  I was washingmy clothes at this time yesterday.   2 過去某階段持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作  What were you doing duringthe holiday?  另外，在復(fù)合句中，若主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句都可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)e.g. Jenny was reading while Danny was writing.

　　其結(jié)構(gòu)是助動(dòng)詞be的過去形式was/were +v-ing.

　　其句式變化仍然要在be上做文章。例如

　　We were working inclass.

　　We weren’t working inclass.

　　Were you working inclass?

　　過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語連用，如 last night, atthat time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。也有時(shí)沒有時(shí)間狀語，要通過上下文的暗示來確定用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。E.g. The students all worked hard. Everyone knew what he was workingfor.

　　做題時(shí)常見錯(cuò)誤如下：

　　一、易把be+現(xiàn)在分詞記成be+過去分詞

　　例：He was talked (talk) to his mum atthat time.

　　答案：was talking

　　解析：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)上的區(qū)別體現(xiàn)在be動(dòng)詞上。

　　二、丟掉be動(dòng)詞或忘記把動(dòng)詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞

　　例：1 I watching (watch) TV when he camein.

　　2 They were play (play) gamesat 5:00 p.m. yesterday.

　　答案：1 was watching   2 were playing

　　解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可”的規(guī)律也可應(yīng)用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　三、對動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組提問時(shí)丟掉doing

　　例：We were flying kites at 5:00 p.m.yesterday. (對劃線部分提問)

　　What were you at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?

　　答案：What were you doing at 5:00 p.m.yesterday?

　　解析：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)中“What……doing……”?句式同樣適用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　四、易與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)弄混

　　例：My mother is cooking (cook)when I gothome.

　　答案：was cooking

　　解析：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的共同點(diǎn)是都表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，但現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)前提是現(xiàn)在，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)前提是過去，由when I got home可看出前提是過去。

　　五、易與一般過去時(shí)弄混

　　例：昨晚我在讀一本故事書。

　　I read (read) a story bookyesterday evening.

　　答案：was reading

　　解析：這兩種時(shí)態(tài)的共同點(diǎn)是都用于表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但過去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，而一般過去時(shí)則表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，它表示的動(dòng)作往往已經(jīng)完成。“在”說明正在進(jìn)行，而“I read a story book yesterday evening.”的意思是昨晚我讀了一本故事書，言下之意已經(jīng)讀完了。故用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　另外，在賓語從句中當(dāng)主句為過去時(shí)，從句若是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，需變成過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。

　　e.g. He said that he wasdrawing a cat at noon yesterday.

　　自我檢測：

　　（一）、單選

　　1 What ______ from three tofour yesterday afternoon?

　　A． have youdone

　　B. had you done

　　C. did you do

　　D. were you doing

　　2 – I call youyesterday evening, but there was no answer.

　　- Oh., I’m sorry I_____ dinner at my friend’s home.

　　A home  B had

　　C was having  D have had

　　3 My mother _____ while myfather _____TV.

　　A cooked; was watching

　　B was cooking; was watching

　　C was cooked; watched

　　D cooked; watched

　　4 When I got home, my son_____ the music.

　　A am listening to   B listened to

　　C was listening to  D was listening

　　5 We heard a cry when we______ TV last night.

　　A were watching  B would watch

　　C watch   D watched

　　6 She asked him whether he_____ back for lunch.

　　A come  B was coming

　　C came  D had come

　　7 Could you tell me when______?

　　A she is coming   B she was coming

　　C will be come   D is he coming

　　8 The teacher ______ when Icame into the classroom.

　　A is drawing   B draws

　　C has drawn   D was drawing

　　9 The pizza ______ by mymother. Would you like to have some?

　　A makes  B was making  C made   D was made

　　10 Nobody noticed what she______ at the moment.

　　A will do   B was doing

　　C has done   D had done

　　11 Was it raining hard whenyou _____ this morning?

　　A left  B leaves

　　C was leaving

　　D would leave

　　參考答案：1 D   2 C  3 B   4 C   5 A   6 B   7 A   8 D  9D   10 B  11 A

　　（二）、填空

　　1 ______ they______ (feed) theanimals at 5:00 yesterday afternoon?

　　2 Mrs.Green _____  _____ (not wash) clothes at this timeyesterday.

　　3 Grandpa ______  ______ (mend) his clock when I reached home.

　　4 As I _____ (walk) in thepark, I saw some children playing games.

　　參考答案：1 were feeding   2 wasn’twashing    3 was mending   4 was walking

　　七、過去完成時(shí)

　　1. 基本形式：had + 過去分詞。

　　2. 否定形式：had +not + 過去分詞(had not照樣可縮寫hadn't)。

　　3.一般疑問形式：had提到句首，回答用Yes, 主語 + had. / No, 主語 + hadn't. 例如：

　　--- Had she told you to gothere earlier yesterday? 她昨天告訴過你早點(diǎn)兒到那兒嗎？

　　--- Yes, she had. / No, shehadn't. 是的，她告訴了。/ 不，她沒有。

　　4. 被動(dòng)語態(tài)形式：had +been + 過去分詞。如：

　　When I got there, the windowshad been broken.

　　當(dāng)我到那兒時(shí)，窗戶已經(jīng)被打破了。

　　過去完成時(shí)態(tài)是個(gè)相對的時(shí)態(tài)，不能離開過去某時(shí) / 動(dòng)作而獨(dú)立存在，只能早于過去某時(shí) / 動(dòng)作，或頻頻“光顧”于主句為一般過去時(shí)的賓語從句中，所以already / yet/ still / just / before / never / by（the end of）last year 等時(shí)間狀語常來“配合作戰(zhàn)”；也常活躍在after / before/ when + 過去時(shí)態(tài)從句或by the time + 過去時(shí)態(tài)從句等的主句中。如：

　　By the time we got there, shehad left. 當(dāng)我們到達(dá)那里的時(shí)候，她已經(jīng)離開了。

　　<與其他時(shí)態(tài)間的聯(lián)系與區(qū)別>

　　1. 與一般過去時(shí)態(tài)“小同大異”：我和一般過去時(shí)都可指動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但我強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作相對于過去某一時(shí)刻已經(jīng)完成；而一般過去時(shí)則強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去某一時(shí)間或過去經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作，需要特別注意的是：當(dāng)動(dòng)作附帶yesterday、last year等過去時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。請區(qū)別：

　　By the end of last year, I hadvisited seven different cities.

　　截止到去年年底，我已經(jīng)參觀過七個(gè)不同的城市了。

　　We learned another Englishsong last month.

　　上個(gè)月我們學(xué)了另一首英文歌曲。

　　2.與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)“似是而非”：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作相對于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為現(xiàn)在；而我表示動(dòng)作相對于過去某一時(shí)刻前已完成，其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對照時(shí)間點(diǎn)為過去。試比較：

　　I have been there twice. 我去過那兒兩次。

　　I had been there twice beforeI went to school. 在我上學(xué)前，我去過那兒兩次。

　　【完成時(shí)態(tài)專練】

　　1. He ___________（turn）off the light. We can leave now.

　　2. By the time we got to thecinema, the film ___________（begin）.

　　3. She ___________（finish）her homework before I left school.

　　4. My mother ___________（be）a teacher since 2003.

　　5. He told us that he___________（give）the book to his brother.

　　6. I ___________（wash）all the clothes. So I can have a rest.

　　7. They ___________（stay）in China for a long time.

　　8. My father ___________（arrive）home before nine o’clock last night.

　　【參考答案】

　　1. has turned  2. had began

　　3. had finished  4. has been

　　5. had given  6. have washed

　　7. have stayed  8. had arrived

　　七、一般過去時(shí)

　　1. 一般過去時(shí)常用來表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。在一般過去時(shí)態(tài)的句子中，要注意其謂語動(dòng)詞要用動(dòng)詞的過去式，尤其是不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成，如see-saw，go-went等；此外，疑問句和否定句要使用助動(dòng)詞did。用在一般過去時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語有yesterday，last Tuesday，three weeks ago等，當(dāng)然，還有由when，before，after等引導(dǎo)的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語從句。

　　例句：

　　Mary didn’t stay athome yesterday morning.

　　I often played games by theriver when I was young.

　　【中考鏈接】

　　We were in Qingdao last weekand _______ a great time.

　　A. will have    B. have had

　　C. had    D. have   （北京）

　　【解析】選C。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語last week可知句子用的是一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，and連接的前后兩個(gè)并列句，時(shí)態(tài)要保持一致。故and后也用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　2. 有時(shí)候，在一個(gè)句子中，并沒有表明明確的時(shí)間狀語，但根據(jù)句子的意思，可以判斷出動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去的，因此也用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　eg: I knew he liked collectingmatch boxes. （我當(dāng)時(shí)知道他收集火柴盒）

　　--- Hi, Nancy. How was your trip to theGreat Wall?

　　--- Hi, Bill. Oh, we had a good time there.

　　（句子在說他們談?wù)摰倪^去的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。）

　　【中考鏈接】

　　① --- When _______ your mother ________you that blue dress, Mary?

　　--- Sorry, I really can’tremember.  （武漢）

　　A. does, buy    B. has, bought

　　C. had, bought    D. did, buy

　　② --- I called you just now, but nobodyanswered. Where _______?

　　--- I was out with mymother.   （安徽）

　　A. were you    B. are you

　　C. have you gone     D. have you gone

　　【解析】

　　① 選D。句子問的是“你媽媽合適為你買的那條藍(lán)色的裙子”，可知買裙子的事情發(fā)生在過去，故應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　② 選A。根據(jù)句意，說的是“我剛才給你打電話，但沒人接”，緊接著問“你當(dāng)時(shí)在哪兒”，因此用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

　　八、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

　　1. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)用來表示過去某一具體時(shí)刻或某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，其基本構(gòu)成為was / were +doing。常用在過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)中的時(shí)間狀語有at thistime yesterday，at ten o’clocklast night，at that time等以及由when或while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句。

　　例句：

　　I was listening to the radiioat half past eight yesterday morning.

　　What were you doing when Iknocked at the door?

　　【中考鏈接】

　　--- Were you at home at nine o’clock lastnight?

　　--- Yes, I _________ a showerat that time.  （吉林）

　　A. took   B. was taking

　　C. was taken   D. am taking

　　【解析】選B。根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語at nine o’clock last night，可知是過去具體的某一時(shí)刻，因此答句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

　　2. 表示在過去的某一時(shí)間同事發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作，往往用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來表示延續(xù)的動(dòng)作，用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)來表示短暫的動(dòng)作。此外，while用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，也可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)主句和從句同事發(fā)生的動(dòng)作（動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）；此時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行。

　　Mum was cooking dinner when Ireturned home.

　　Danny was writing a while wewrere watching TV.

　　【中考鏈接】

　　① The children ______ a P.E. class onthe playground when it suddenly began to rain. （河北）

　　A. have    B. am having    C. had   D. were having

　　② I ______my homework while my parents______ TV last night. (南京）

　　A. did, have watched

　　B. was doing, were watching

　　C. had done, werewatching

　　D. would do, were watching

　　【解析】

　　① 選D。When 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句是過去時(shí)，所以主句的動(dòng)作是發(fā)生在過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)里孩子們正在上體育課，所以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。

　　② 選B。因?yàn)闀r(shí)間狀語是在昨晚表示過去的時(shí)間，而while用來引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)，也可用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)來表達(dá)主句和從句同事發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以選D。

　　3. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)還可以用來表示在過去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作（有時(shí)也可以有間歇）。

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