來源:網絡資源 2022-11-17 12:54:04
條件狀語從句
條件狀語從句,即在某種條件下,一件事情可能發生。在英語中由連接詞if或unless等引導的狀語從句叫作條件狀語從句。條件是指某一件事情實現之后(狀語從句中),一件事情(主句)才能發生,通常譯作"假如,只要,如果"等意思。條件狀語從句中,主從句的時態要遵循"主將從現"的原則。即,主句是將來時態時,從句用一般現在時代替將來時態。
引導條件狀語從句的連詞或詞組有:if(如果),unless(除非),as long as(只要)等。如果主句是將來時,條件狀語從句也用一般現在時來表示。如:
I will stay at home if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨,我就待在家。
You can’t learn English well unless you work hard.
除非你努力學習,否則是學不好英語的。
1.if引導的條件狀語從句
表示在某種條件下某事很可能發生。
If we pay much attention to the earth, we’ll have a better world.
如果我們多關愛地球,就會擁有一個更美好的世界
If it rains tomorrow, what shall we do? 如果明天下雨,我們怎么辦?
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
如果你考試不及格,你會讓他失望的。
注意:if還可以引導虛擬條件句,表示不可實現的條件,從句中多用一般過去時或過去完成時。
What would happen if there were no water? 如果沒有水會怎樣?
2. unless引導的條件狀語從句
unless的意思是"如果不,除非"。可與if... not互換。
You will fail in English unless you work hard.
你英語考試會不及格的,除非你更加努力。
You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier.
如果你不早點動身,你就不能及時趕到那兒。
Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比賽將照常進行。
3. as /so long as引導的條件狀語從句
as /so long as的意思是"只要"
So long as you’re happy, I will be happy. 只要你高興,我就高興。
You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean.
只要你保持書的清潔,你就可以把我的書借去。學科&網
4. once引導的條件狀語從句
once引導的條件狀語從句,意為"一旦……就",從句可置于主句前或后。
Once you begin, never stop. 一旦開始,就絕不要停止。
Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.
一旦你理解了規則,數學就不難學了。
提示:在條件狀語從句中,用一般現在時代替一般將來時,用一般過去時代替過去將來時。
If the weather is bad next week, we’ll put off the climbing.
如果下周天氣不好,我們將推遲爬山。
Father told me if I worked hard he would buy me a gift.
爸爸告訴我,如果我努力學習,他會給我買一份禮物。
5. 引導條件狀語從句最常用的連詞是if,常見的if條件狀語從句表示在某條件下,某事很可能發生,條件是可能存在的,主句中某種情況發生的概率也是很高的。如:
If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請他幫忙,他會幫你的。
If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.
如果你考試不及格,你會讓他失望的。
If you have finished the homework, you can go home.
如果你作業做完了就可以回家了。
另外,if從句還表示不可實現的條件或根本不可能存在的條件,也就是一種虛擬的條件或假設。從句多用一般過去時或過去完成時,表示對現在或過去的一種假設。如:
If I were you, I would invite him to the party.
如果我是你,我會邀請他參加聚會。
I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in the traffic.
要不是交通堵塞,我本會來得早一些。
6. if 條件句的時態搭配
(1)if從句用一般現在時,主句用一般將來時。
If he runs he’ll get there in time. 如果他用跑的,他就會及時趕到那兒。
The cat will scratch you if you pull her tail. 如果你拉貓的尾巴,它就會抓你。
(2)if從句用一般現在時,主句用may/might/can。
If the fog gets thicker the plane may/might be diverted.
如果霧再大一些,飛機可能就會改在別的機場降落。
If it stops snowing we can go out. 如果雪停了,我們就可以出去。
(3)if從句用一般現在時,主句用must/should。
If you want to lose weight you must/should eat less bread.
如果你想減肥,你必須少吃面包。
(4)if從句用一般現在時,主句用一般現在時。
If you heat ice it turns to water. (也可用will turn)如果把冰加熱,它就會化成水。
(5)if從句用現在進行時,主句用一般將來時。
If you are looking for Peter you’ll find him upstairs.
如果你是在找彼得,上樓就會找到他。
(6)if從句用現在完成時,主句用一般將來時。
If you have finished dinner I’ll ask the waiter for the bill.
如果你吃完了,我就叫服務生來算賬。
【知識拓展】
1. 在以when,before,as soon as等引導的時間狀語從句,也適用"主將從現"原則,即如果主句是一般將來時,從句則用一般現在時。
I’ll tell her the good news when she comes back.
當她回來的時候,我將把這個好消息告訴她。
she will give you a call as soon as she returns.
她一回來就會給你電話。
2.If條件句的同義句:祈使句,and /or+將來時態的陳述句。
Work hard, and you will make great progress.
= If you work hard, you will make great progress.
如果你努力學習,你就會取得大的進步。
Hurry up, or you will be late.
=If you don’t hurry up, you will be late.
如果你不快點,你就要遲到了。
【巧學妙記】
" if " 引導的條件狀語從句的記憶口訣if 條件句不一般,幾個要點記心間;條件句,放在前,逗號要放句中間。條件句表真實,主將從現要遵從;條件句非真實,虛擬語氣用到位。 |
一、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. If you _______________(feel) tired, you _______________(have) to have a rest.
2. Where _______________he _______________(see) the film if he _______________(have) time?
3. If there _______________(be) fewer trees, there _______________( be) more pollution.
4. He _______________(dress) more casually if he _______________( not work) on weekends.
5. If Marcia _______________(live) alone, she _______________( keep) a pet dog.
6. Lana _______________(buy) a new dress if the old one _______________(be) out of style.
7. The twins _______________(fight) if they _______________(argue).
8. I _______________(sell) my paintings if I _______________(need) money for education.
9. Peter _______________( send) me a beautiful souvenir if he _______________(tour) Spain.
10. If Mr. Green _______________(say) I am hard-working, my parents _______________(feel) glad.
11. I _______________(go) to the beach if it _______________(not rain) this week.
12. _______________they _______________(have) a match if the P.E. teacher _______________(be) busy?
13. He _______________(write) a letter to his grandparents if he _______________(get) his report card this week.
14. If she _______________(get) up late, she _______________(not catch) the early bus.
15. Peter _______________(major) in English if he _______________(pass) the exams in Peking University.
二、完成句子
1. 如果他到的晚了會發生什么事情?
What _______________ _______________if he _______________late?
2. 如果努力學習,你就會取得好成績。
If you _______________ _______________, you _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________.
3. 他如果看電視太久了,他的父母會不高興。
If he _______________ TV too much, his parents _______________ _______________ unhappy.
4. 如果我們為他組織生日聚會,大家都會來的。
Everyone _______________come if we _______________a birthday party _______________him.
5. 如果明天不下雨,我會和你一起去公園的。
If it _______________ _______________tomorrow, I _______________go to the park _______________you.
6. 如果她起晚了,就會旅游遲到。
She ______________ ______________ ______________ ______________ the trip if she ______________ ______________ late
7. 如果他有空,他會幫助你的。
If he _______________ _______________, he _______________ _______________you.
8. 如果Tom成為足球運動員,他就不會上大學了。
Tom _______________ _______________go to the college if he _______________a soccer player..
9. 你如果不完成作業就不能學好各門功課。
You _______________ _______________good at all the subjects if you _______________finish the homework.
10. 如果你上課睡覺,老師會生氣。
If you _______________in class, your teacher _______________ _______________ _______________.
1. (2018 • 菏澤中考)—I really want to pass the exam for further study.
—Believe in yourself, dear! Your dream will came true ___________ you put your heart into it.
A. even if B. as long as C. as soon as
2. (2018 • 安順中考)—The weather report says that it ___________ tomorrow in most parts of Anshun city.
—If it ___________, the school sports meet will be canceled.
A. will rain; will rain B. will rain; rains
C. rains; will rain D. rains; rains
3. (2018 • 恩施中考)If you are caught smoking in the kitchen, you ___________ by your boss.
A. will fire B. are fired C. will be fired
4. (2018 • 江西中考)—Can students go online during lessons?
—They can ___________ it is for that lesson.
A. if B. or C. so D. but
5. (2018 • 四川樂山中考)—Thank you for telling me so much knowledge about nature.
—Don’t mention it. ___________ you have more questions, come to me any time.
A. If B. Because C. Though
6. (2018 • 菏澤中考)—I really want to pass the exam for further study.
—Believe in yourself, dear! Your dream will came true you put your heart into it.
A. even if B. as long as C. as soon as
7. (2017﹒海南)I won’t talk about that with Kate ___________ she wants.
A. because B. unless C. after
8. (2017﹒江蘇宿遷)Our head teacher often says, "You will not pass the exam ___________ you work hard."
A. if B. unless C. since D. when
9. (2017﹒黑龍江哈爾濱)—I wonder if our foreign teacher Mr. White ___________ to his hometown next Tuesday.
—I’m not sure. But if he returns to his hometown, I’ll ___________ him off.
A. return;see B. will return;see C. will return;will see
10. (2017﹒江蘇蘇州)You will never achieve success ___________ ou devote yourself to your work.
A. after B. if C. because D. unless
11. (2017﹒廣東)Johnson won’t answer the phone if he ___________ the number.
A. knew B. doesn’t know C. will know D. didn’t know
12. (2017﹒江蘇鹽城)You will be able to see something ______ you climb onto those rocks.
A. if B. though C. until D. unless
1. (安徽省亳州市利辛縣2018屆九年級10月月考)You won’t get to the subway station before 9 :00 am _______________ you leave earlier.
A. unless B. until C. because D. when
2. (黑龍江杜爾伯特縣蒙古族中學2018屆九年級(五四學制)上學期期中)If New Mart _______________ 24 hours a day during the winter holiday, I will feel _______________.
A. is open;excited B. is open;exciting
C. will open;excited D. will open;exciting
3. (云南省馬龍縣通泉鎮中學2017屆九年級下學期第一次模擬)I won’t be able to understand what you say, you speak too quickly.
A. if B. though C. because D. but
4. Lucy and I have been friends for years. _______________ my memory is correct, we first met in a meeting.
A. If B. Because C. Though D. When
5. (廣東省東莞市2017屆中考沖刺考前押題)I think you should complain _______________ you are happy with the situation.
A. unless B. however C. after D. though
6. (江蘇省揚州市江都區2017屆中考第二次模擬)I will have to close my clothes shop _______________ my business improves.
A. if B. unless C. after D. when
7. Chuck will go swimming with us tomorrow afternoon _______________ he can finish his homework by then.
A. so B. but C. if D. or
8. _______________ you have a picnic this weekend, remember to call me.
A. As B. For C. If D. Because
9. (江蘇省鹽城市毓龍路實驗學校2017屆九年級中考第一次模擬)I usually sleep with the window open ______________ it’s very cold.
A. until B. as C. if D. unless
10. (江蘇省徐州市部分學校2017屆九年級二模聯考)—Could you give me some advice on travelling?
—Take a map with you _______________ you have a guide or you know the city well.
A. if B. unless C. although D. because
11. (上海市華東師范大學第二附屬中學2017屆九年級下學期周測)It is seven o’clock. You will be late for school _______________ you get up right now.
A. unless B. until C. when D. though
12. —Excuse me, could you please tell me if the meeting _______________ on time?
—If it _______________ tomorrow, we’ll have to put it off.
A. will hold;snows B. will be held;snows
C. will be held;snow D. holds;will snow
跟蹤訓練
一、用所給詞的適當形式填空
1. feel;will have 2. will;see;has 3. are;will be 4. will dress;doesn’t work
5. lives;will keep 6. will buy;is 7. will fight;argue 8. will sell;need
9. will send;tours 10. says;will feel 11. will go;doesn’t rain 12. Will;have;is
13. will write;gets 14. gets;won’t catch 15. will major;passes
二、完成句子
1. will happen;is 2. study hard;will get good grades 3. watches;will be
4. will;organize;for 5. doesn’t rain;will;with 6. will be late for;gets up
7. is free;will help 8. will never;becomes 9. won’t be;don’t
10. sleep;will be angry
真題再現
1. B【解析】句意:——我真的想通過考試,繼續深造。——相信你自己,親愛的!只要你用心去做,你的夢想就會成真。考查連詞辨析題。A. even if即使,表讓步;B. as long as只要,表條件;C. as soon as一…就…。本句是條件狀語從句,需用as long as連接。根據句意語境,可知選B。
3. C【解析】句意:如果你在廚房里被抓到吸煙,你就會被老板開除。你只能“被開除”,所以需要使用被動語態be done,如果主句是將來時,那么if引導的條件狀語從句用一般現在時表將來,這是主將從現的用法,本題中從句是說如果被抓到抽煙的話,用了一般現在時,那么主句用一般將來時,表示“你將會被開除”,所以用一把將來時的被動語態,will be done,故選C,
4. A【解析】句意:——學生可以在課上上網嗎?——如果是為了上課,他們可以上網。考查連詞辨析題。if如果,表條件;or或者,表選擇;so所以,表結果;but但是,表轉折。答句是條件狀語從句,需用if連接。根據句意結構,可知選A。
5. A【解析】句意:——謝謝你告訴我這么多關于自然的知識。——別提了。如果你有更多的問題,隨時找我。考查連詞辨析題。本句是條件狀語從句,需用if連接,而because表原因,though表讓步,都可排除。根據句意結構和語境,可知選A。
6. B【解析】句意:——我真的想通過考試,繼續深造。——相信你自己,親愛的!只要你用心去做,你的夢想就會成真。考查連詞辨析題。A. even if即使,表讓步;B. as long as只要,表條件;C. as soon as一…就…。本句是條件狀語從句,需用as long as連接。根據句意語境,可知選B。
7. B 【解析】句意:我不想和凱特談那個,除非她愿意。A. because連詞,因為,引導原因狀語從句;B. unless連詞,除非,引導條件狀語從句;C. after連詞,在……之后,引導時間狀語從句。根據后文是前文的"條件",所以使用unless。故選:B。
8. B 【解析】句意:我們的班主任常說:"如果你們不努力學習,你們就通不過考試"。If如果,引導條件狀語從句;unless除非,引導條件狀語從句;since自從,因為,引導時間狀語從句;when當……時候,引導時間狀語從句;條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示一般將來時,主句用一般將來時,根據題中的時態和句意,如果不努力,就通不過考試,故此處用unless。故選B。
10. D 【解析】句意:除非你把自己專心于你的工作,否則你將永遠不會成功。句意:after在……之后;if如果,because因為,unless除非,如果不;if或unless引導的條件狀語從句用一般現在時表示一般將來時,主句用一般將來時。結合句意,你如果不專心工作,你就不會獲得成功,故此處為unless。故選D。
11. B 【解析】句意:如果約翰遜不知道電話號碼,他就不接電話。本句是if引導的條件狀語從句,當主句是將來時態時,從句用一般現在時,可排除C、D兩項。根據句意,本句是否定陳述,故選B。
12. A 【解析】句意:如果你爬上這些巖石,你就會看到一些東西。A如果,引導條件狀語從句;B即使,引導讓步狀語從句;C直到……;D如果……不。故選A。學科&網
模擬檢測
1. A 【解析】句意:除非你早點離開,否則你在九點之前不會到達地鐵站。A. unless除非……;B. until直到……;C. because因為……;D. when什么時間。根據題意,除非你早點離開,所以連接詞用unless。故正確答案為A。
2. A 【解析】句意:如果新瑪特在寒假期間一天24小時營業,我將會感到很激動。if引導的條件狀語從句不用將來時態,用一般現時態來代替;excited形容詞,主要指人感到激動;exciting形容詞,主要指令人激動的事,故選A。
3. A 【解析】句意:如果你說得太快,我將不能理解你說的話。A. if 如果;B. though 盡管;C. because 因為;D. but但是。這里是主將從現,if后引導的是一般現在時,主句用的是一般將來時。故選A。
4. A 【解析】句意:Lucy和我是多年的好朋友,如果我的記憶沒錯,我們第一次見面是在一次會議上。if如果,引導條件狀語從句;because因為,引導原因狀語從句;though盡管,引導讓步狀語從句;when當……時候,引導時間狀語從句。根據句意可知,這里表示條件,故應選A。
6. B 【解析】句意:除非我的生意有起色,否則我要關閉我的服裝店。A.如果;B.除非;C.在……之后;D.當……時候。故選B。
7. C 【解析】句意:明天下午Chuck將和我們一起去游泳,如果到那時他能完成他的作業的話。so所以;but但是;if如果;or或者。If引導的條件狀語從句用一般現在時,主句用一般將來時,故選C。
8. C 【解析】句意:如果這個周末你去野餐,記得給我打電話。As當……時候;for因為;if如果;because因為。根據this weekend可知此處對這個周末的假設,故用if引導的條件狀語從句,故選C。
9. D 【解析】句意:除非天冷,否則我們都開窗睡覺。A.直到……;B.當;C.如果;D.除非。根據句意,故選D。
10. B 【解析】句意:——你能給我一些關于旅行的建議嗎?——如果沒有向導或者對城市不很了解,那么就隨身帶著一張地圖。A. if如果;B. unless除非,如果不;C. although雖然,盡管;D. because因為。故選B。
11. A 【解析】句意:現在7點了,如果你現在不起床你就會上學遲到了。A. unless除非;B. until 直到……; C. when當……時候;D. though盡管。故選A。
12. B 【解析】句意:——對不起,請你告訴我會議是否將如期舉行?——如果明天下雪,我們將不得不推遲。在問句中if 表示"是否",引導賓語從句,而the meeting和hold是被動關系,故應該使用一般將來時的被動語態。答句中的if表示"如果",引導條件狀語從句,主句用一般將來時,從句常用一般現在時表將來,故選B。
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