來源:網絡資源 2022-11-22 20:18:29
做閱讀理解,最怕遇到生詞,不僅影響文章的理解,也會拖慢閱讀速度,而在閱讀理解當中,生詞又是不可避免的,眼看期中考試臨近,今天小編就為大家總結了幾個巧猜詞義的方法,希望能夠在考試中幫大家取得好成績,一定要掌握。
猜單詞詞義的7個小技巧1、類屬法
即通過類屬來推測詞義。如:
Bananas,oranges, pineapples, coconuts and some other kinds of fruit grow in warm areas.
說明:從句意我們知道pineapples 和coconuts 與bananas, oranges是同類事物,同屬水果(準確地說是“菠蘿”和“椰子”)。
2、推理法
即根據文章的前后語境推出生詞的詞義。如:
That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day.
說明:既然一天之內看不完所有的展品,那么immense 的意思應該是“很大”了。
Everyone agreed that the woman in the photo was gorgeous. It was easy to see why she had won the beauty contest.
說明:既然“她在選美比賽中獲勝”,說明她“很美麗”(gorgeous)。
3、列舉法
即通過對文章所列舉的事物來猜測生詞的詞義。如:
Children like such creatures as dogs and monkeys.
說明:像 dogs 和 monkeys 之類的“creatures”,顯然creatures的意思應是“動物”。
In your spare time, you may look through any of these periodicals: Time Magazine, News Week, or The New Worker.
說明:periodical是生詞,但根據其后所列舉的例子,我們可以推測出它的意思可能是“期刊”或“雜志”。
4、構詞法
即根據前綴、后綴、復合、派生等構詞知識判斷生詞的詞義。如:
Overwork may cause diseases.
說明:前綴 over- 的意思是“過分的,過量的”,故 overwork的意思應為“工作過度”。
There was a dissatisfied look in the manager’s eyes.
說明:satisfied的意思是“滿意的”,前綴 dis- 的意思是“不”,故dissatisfied 的意思應該是“不滿意的”。
5、對比法
即根據文章前后的對比關系確定生詞的詞義。如:
He had been getting better, but during the night his condition deteriorated .
說明:句中的 but 表明deteriorate 應該與get better 的意思相反,即“惡化”。
In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth.
說明:上文說兩個經濟上的極端,那么下文中penury 應與great wealth 相對,即表示“貧困”。
Mrs.Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type.
說明:while 表對比,意為“而”,所以loquacious 應是silent 的反義,即“多嘴的”。
■If you agree, draw a circle; and a cross if you dissent.
說明:既然畫圈表示同意,那么畫叉便是“不同意”(dissent)。
6、同位法
同位語是對所修飾詞語的進一步說明和解釋,若對所修飾的詞語不熟悉,可通過其后同位語的“說明或解釋”來確定其詞義。如:
His father is an expert in phonetics, the study of the sounds of language.
說明:同位語 the study of the sounds of language 表示 phonetics 的意思應該是“語音學”。
Jean was born with spina bifida, a birth illness that damages the spine(脊骨).
說明:同位語 a birth illness that damages the spine 表明了spina bifida 是一種病,一種對脊骨有損害的病。
7、釋義法
即根據文章中所提供的釋義關系來確定生詞的詞義。如:
They described him as a loon, or a mad man.
說明:句中的or 是對loon的解釋,即loon與a mad man同義,即表示“瘋子”。
It will be very hard but also very brittle, that is, it will break easily.
說明:句中的 that is 表明 it will break easily 是對brittle 的解釋,從而猜測出其意為“脆”。
The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 500 yuan a year.
說明:定語從句 who looks after sheep 表明herdsman 的詞義為“牧人”。
There are three kinds of snow. One kind is a fluffy snow that is somewhat dry andfeathery?
說明:定語從句 that is somewhat dry and feathery(有點兒干、像羽毛似的)表明 fluffy snow 的意思可能是“鵝毛大雪”。
8、常識法
即根據普通常識推測生詞的詞義。如:
It’s said that Bill Gates is the most affluent person in the world.
說明:根據常識,Bill Gates 為世界首富,所以affluent 可能是“富有的”。
As a scientist, Edison is very famous for his contrivances.
說明:根據常識,Edison為發明大王,他應因“發明”而聞名于世。
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