2023年初中英語知識點(diǎn)：判斷句型及應(yīng)用

一般判斷句

句型［主語+系詞be+表語］

1.Knowledge is power. 2. What's mine is yours, and what is yours is mine.

3. "Who are you?"-"It is I." 4. "Who is 'I'?"-"Pinocchio."

5. He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 6. She is quite the best dancer, I know.

7. Ben's a good runner; few seamen run better than Ben.

8. "What kind of sailor are you?" - "I'm not much of a sailor.

9. I knew I don't express myself properly: I'm a bad hand at sentimentality.

10. Our conference has been highly successful.

11. The successful convocation of the national science conference is a matter of great joy for us.

[注1] 除了報(bào)刊標(biāo)題和一些諺語格言省略系詞外，一般情況下系詞是不可隨便省略的。漢語說"東方紅"，英語一定要用系詞，說成 "The east is red." "他很和氣。" 英語要說， "He is very kind."，"你的表不對。"英語不能說 "Your watch is not correct.", 只能說 "It's not right time by your watch."/ "Your watch does not keep good time. "他是人民的死敵。"英語說 "He is the deadly enemy of the people."

[注2] 英語中有些形容詞只作表語用。常見的有：alive, alike, asleep, aware, fond, glad, faint, ill, well unwell, afraid等等。另一方面要注意，有些形容詞不能作表語，只能作定語用。主要有以下幾種情況：

1)固定性詞組中的形容詞。可說 "He is my old friend." ，不可說 "My friend is old (或new)." 可說 "He is a complete fool." ，不可說，"The fool is complete."

2)作強(qiáng)調(diào)語的形容詞。可說 "It is the very man." ，不可說 "The man is very." 可說 "This is the only occasion." ，不可說 "The occasion is the only."

3)起命名作用的關(guān)系形容詞。可說 "He is an atomic specialist." ，不可說 "The specialist is atomic." 可說 "This is a woolen dress." ，不可說 "The dress is woolen."

句型［主語+mean+賓語或狀語］

1.Science means honest, solid knowledge. 2. Difficulties and hardships meant nothing to them.

3. Environment means much to a child. 4. Your friendship means a great deal to me.

[注] 除be, mean系詞外還有become, make, grow, remain, feel, sound, smell, taste, prove, look, get, go, come, keep等。He has become a communist. She will make a very good athlete. Nurtured by the Party, he has grown into a good cadre

句型［主語+call/name+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語］ ［主語+be +called/named+主語補(bǔ)足語］

1.An Englishman calls himself young at fifty. 2. He called his mother "old girl", too.

3. We all call him Iron Ox. 4. We named him John. 5. He is called by the name of Paul.

6. This place is rightly called an earthly paradise. 7. He was named after his uncle.

句型［主語+regard等+賓語+as+賓語補(bǔ)足語］

1.I regard him as a noble man. 2. We regarded it as an honor.

3. Don't treat comrades as enemies. 4. We look on our job as an honor.

5. We look upon our youth as the future of our motherland.

6. He is honored as a model worker. 7. People respected him as a great poet.

8. This room serves as the office. 9. They disguised themselves as Marxists.

強(qiáng)調(diào)判斷

句型［主語+be+no other than/none but+表語（強(qiáng)調(diào)內(nèi)容）］

1.This is no other than my old friend, John.

2.The tall figure that I saw no/none other than our commander.

3.The man standing before him was none other than the Party branch secretary.

4.Our Party's Policy of cadres is to appoint none but people on their merit.

[注] 類似的說法還有 nobody else, "Is that you, Bumble?" -"Nobody else." Answered Mr. Bumble.

句型［主語+be+nothing+ (else) but/ else than/ less than+表語］

1.Genius is nothing but labor and diligence. 2. Hitler was nothing but a paper tiger.

3. The situation is nothing else but (than) fine. 4. That's nothing less than a miracle.

5. What he told you was nothing else than nonsense.

6. His failure was due to nothing else than his own carelessness.

7. What we expected is nothing less than a technical revolution.

[注] 相當(dāng)于本句型的否定說法是 "…be anything but…", 譯作"決不是"，如：

He is anything but a coward. (=He is not a coward at all.)

句型［It is/was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+從句］

1.It is political consciousness that gives vigor to his writings.

2.It was owing to the victory of the revolutionary war of 1776 led by Washington that the American people won independence. 3. It was after liberation that we led a happy life.

4. It was in Beijing that I met him for the first time.

[注] 除了以上句型表示強(qiáng)調(diào)外，還可以用以下方式來表達(dá)：

1)用very, only, certainly, of course，to be sure等詞語加強(qiáng)語氣，如：

That's the very thing I need. The report is certainly false. He is, no doubt, a good pupil.

2) 用 "from first to last", "out and out" (多用于反面)， "through and through" (多用于正面)等成語加強(qiáng)語氣，如：It is a delusion from first to last… He is a traitor out and out. He is a revolutionary through and through.

3) 用準(zhǔn)系詞remain, continue等，如：Gold remains gold in the furnace of history and dross remains dross.

4) 有時(shí)用 "…be neither more nor less than…", (不多不少，十足) 如：It is neither more nor less than a lie.

弱勢判斷句

句型［主語+seem等感覺動詞+表語］

1.My companion looked ashamed. "Well," he said, "you were right…"

2.The situation seemed quite encouraging. 3. Your sentence doesn't sound right.

4. She appeared quite touched at the words. 5. It tastes sweet.

6. The country seemed to be going to the dogs. War with the South or secession was vaguely looking in the distance.

句型［主句+as if/as though+從句（主語+虛擬式謂語）］

1.You spoke as if you had been here before. 2. I feel as if I were ten years younger.

3. It almost seemed as if the good man were trying to teach us all he knew at this last lesson.

4. …his exposed throat looked as if a halter would have done it good.

[注] 在as if 后面可以直接跟不定式，這是一種間縮的用法，如：He opened his lips as if to say something.

其次，在as if后面的謂語動詞也有人用現(xiàn)在時(shí)的，如：It looks as if our side is (或were) going to win.

句型［主語+may (+not)+be+表語+虛擬式謂語）］［Perhaps等副詞+主語+謂語+其他］

1.It may (not) be true. 2. "This fellow" he thought, "may not be a scamp…"

3.What month is this?-Maybe it's July. 4. Perhaps you are right.

5. Perhaps she is ill. 6. It will probably be fine tomorrow. 7. Possibly it is true.

句型［主語+ be+it is said,/as it were,等+表語］

1.she is, it is said (或they say), the best pupil in the class.

2.People in that village, it is said (或they say), are all kind-hearted.

3.He is not equal to the task, as it were. 4. He is, as it were, a walking dictionary.

5. With the illiterate audience, he felt himself as it were casting pearls before swine.

6. It isn't a very good suggestion, to say the least of it.

[注] 有兩個(gè)詞組容易與as it were混淆，就是as it is, as it was。這兩個(gè)詞組必須用在和它們的時(shí)態(tài)一致的句中。意思是"照現(xiàn)在的樣子"，"照當(dāng)時(shí)的樣子"，但都引申譯為"事實(shí)上"，如：It is impossible to carry out the plan as it is.

句型［主語+ be+ said to be/so-called/, what is called,+表語］

1.He is said to be an excellent Chinese scholar. 2. This is said to be the finest park in shanghai.

3.That is so-called civilized world. That is so-called naturalism.

4.He is what is called, a poet. He is, what is called, a living dictionary.

注釋判斷句

句型［被說明的部分，+that is (i.e.),/that is to say,/namely (viz),/in other words+說明部分

]

1.Mr. Green came to see me not long ago, that is, only last week.

2.We-that is to say, John and I-intend to resign.

3.Rules of grammar cannot be profitably studied in the abstract-that is to say, without examples.

4.He is an outstanding specialist, that is to say, he is both red and expert.

5.We have five senses, namely, sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch.

6.A man should never be shamed to own he has been in the wrong, which is but saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.

7.I do not know Mr. Flynn, i.e., do not know him well enough to say if he is absolutely reliable.

句型［被說明的部分，+to be more exact,/or more correctly,/or rather+說明部分］

1.Three weeks tomorrow, to be more exact (or more correctly), the 10th of May is my birthday.

2.This is a pillar, or more correctly, a column. 3. It is a hut or, to be more exact, a cowshed.

4. His theory, or rather, hypothesis, was not unobjectionable.

5. We got home late last night, or rather, early this morning.

正反判斷句

句型［主語+be+not+表語A,+ but+表語B］/［主語+be+表語B+and (或but) not+表語A］

1.I am very ill, not bodily, but mentally.

2.What I admire in Columbus is not his having discovered a world, but his having gone to search for it on the faith of an opinion.

3.The tragedy is not in not knowing, but in not knowing that you don't know.

4.The Marxist-Leninist theory is not a dogma, but a guide to action.

5.He is an ordinary worker, and not a cadre.

6.It is yours, and not mine. (=it is not mine, but yours.)

句型［(It is) not…that (who)…, but…that (who)…］

1.(It is) Not that I dislike the work, but that I have no time.

2.Not that we are afraid of difficulties, but that they are afraid of us.

3.It is not heroes that make history, but history that makes heroes, and that, consequently, it is not heroes who create people, but the people who create heroes and move history onward.

句型［So far from being+表語，主語+謂語+其他］

1.So far from being a help, he was hindrance. 2. So far from being true, the news is false.

3. So far from being ashamed of it, he glories in it.

[注] 在一般陳述句中僅用far from也可以表示一正一反的意義, 如: Far from praising him, I must positively blame him.

句型［主語+seem等感覺動詞+表語，+ but+in reality/ in fact/ in essence+…］

1.That sounds all right, but in reality it is not.

2.This may seem a bad thing, but in reality it is a good thing

3.He looks ignorant, but in fact he is very clever.

4.The two things though similar in form are different in essence.

5.He appears to be well, but really he is rather ill.

6.He thinks himself as wise as Solomon, but in reality he is a complete fool.

[注] instead of可以用來表示正反判斷，如：We must work hard instead of spending our time idly.

比較判斷句

句型［主語+be+less表語A+than+表語B］/ ［主語+be+more表語B+than+表語A］

1.Experience shows that success is due less to ability than to zeal. The winner is he who gives himself to his work, body and soul.

2.It is even more a picture than a poem. 3. He is more shy than (he is) unsocial.

4. A river that carries so much silt per cubic meter (590 kilograms-over half a ton) is more like liquid land than water

[注1] more后面如果跟形容詞，形容詞要用原級，如：(正)He was more angry than frightened.

(誤) He was more angrier than frightened. (誤) He was angrier than frightened.

[注2] 成語 "more dead than alive" (勞累已極、累得要死) 是一種夸張的說法，原意是"與其說還活著，不如說是死了。"如："Oliver, more dead than alive, could answer 'Yes'.

句型［主語+be+表語B+rather than+表語A］

1.He is an ordinary worker rather than a cadre. 2. He is rather diligent than clever.

3. The patient was worse rather than better. 4. He is an artist rather than a philosopher.

句型［主語+be+not so much+表語A+as+表語B］

1.He is not so much a scholar as a writer. (not so much…as =less…than)

2.It is not so much the being exempt from faults, as having overcome them, that is an advantage to us.

3.It is not so much advice as approval that he seeks.

[注] 該句型也常用于行為動詞作謂語的句子中。如：A man's worth lies not so much in what he has as in what he is.

The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.

互斥判斷句

句型主語+be+(either)表語A+or+表語B］/［(Either)主語A+or+主語B +be+表語］

1.He or you are mistaken. You or he is mistaken.

2.He is at the office or at the workshop. 3. Either your brakes or your eyesight is at fault.

4. It is wrong to regard our work either as totally good or as completely bad.

5. Either he is right or I am. (=Either he or I am right.)

[注] 該句型可以采用簡易方式："If it is not…it is…" 如：if it is not taking the socialist road, it is taking the capitalist road.

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