來源:網絡資源 2023-08-15 15:53:38
賓語從句就是一個句子做為復合句中主句謂語動詞的賓語。
I believe that he's a policeman.
這樣的句子就是that引導的賓語從句。
簡單地說,賓語從句是由
由于連接手段的不同,賓語從句可分為:
that引導的賓語從句
關系代詞wh-引導的賓語從句
關系副詞wh-或者if /whether引導的賓語從句幾種形式。針對賓語從句部分的考試,考察要點主要有這三個方面:
(
(
(
簡單總結就是:引導詞,時態、從句語序。
賓語從句的引導詞。
賓語從句是主從復合句中的具體形式。
它由兩部分構成:主句+賓語從句。而在主句和賓語從句之間需要引導詞來連接。也就是:主句+引導詞+賓語從句。
引導詞主要有以下三種情況:
第一,如果賓語從句是陳述句概念,用引導詞that,在口語中可以省略。
第二,如果賓語從句表述一般疑問句的語義,引導詞就用if或whether。
一般情況下,
第三種情況,賓語從句表述特殊疑問句的語義,引導詞用特殊疑問詞。補充:
a.
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic.
b.
eg, Please let me know what to do next.
Could you tell me whether u go or not?
c. if
I know that he is my uncle.
2.if
I believe that it's very hot now.I wonder if/whether they'll get there in time.
We want to know if/whether the school starts.
We doubted wheather that girl could stand the bad weather there.
3.
我們懷疑那個女孩是否能忍受那里糟糕的天氣。No one can lose what he never had.
人是不會失去他從不曾擁有過的東西。
Wisdom first teaches what is right.
智慧首先教會人什么是正確的。
二、時態
賓語從句的時態
一、主現不限
一般來說,英語從句的時態,主要是由主句中謂語動詞的時態來決定的。但賓語從句主要有三種情況::主句的時態為一般現在時、一般將來時或者是祈使句的時候,從句的時態要根據具體的情況,選用相應的時態,而不受從句的限制。:如果主句的時態是過去時,那么從句的時態則要用與過去相應的某一時態。:如果從句表示的是客觀真理、自然現象或者是普遍真理的時候,從句的時態要用一般現在時。賓語從句的時態呼應:She knows that he is kind.
她知道他是個友善的人。
You will know that he was helpful.
(
你將會了解他以前是個樂于主人的人。
He wondered if /whether they would have the meeting next week.
他想知道下周他們是否將有個會議
I asked her what she had done at home.
三、語序
語從句的語序
賓語從句要使用陳述語句,即:連接代詞/副詞+主語+謂語+其他成分。
Could you please tell me where the supermarket is?
We understood how he was feeling .
我們知道他當時的感受。
四、賓語從句的注意事項
(
I know you are right.
當賓語從句的內容是真理性的東西
(2),或者“現在”還是事實的情況的時候,盡管主句用到的是過去時態,
They were taught that earth moves around the sun.
當時就有人教過他們,地球是圍繞太陽轉的
(
think, believe, expect, imagine, suppose
否定前移在賓語從句中出現時,主句的主語是第一人稱I或we,同時主句的謂語動詞常為等詞。表達形式中,否定在主句,實際語義在從句。只不過從句中的否定,移到了主句謂語動詞的前面。
例如:
I don't think he is right.
注意:翻譯要遵循否定轉移的特點,否定在從句;反問時,反問對應從句且用肯定形式。
I don't think Tom will come .
我認為湯姆不會來。
I dont expect that any one will help me .
預計不會有人幫助我
賓語從句的轉化
(4)
賓語從句的轉化實際是把賓語從句的轉化為短語或其他從句類型,主要有下面幾種情況:
1.主句+賓語從句=主謂+to do sth
2.主句+賓語從句=主+謂+sb/sth+(疑問詞)to do sth
3.主句+賓語從句=主+謂+sb/sth+sb/sth
4.主句+賓語從句=主+謂+sb/sth+賓語補足語
5.此外,主句+what賓語從句=主句+定語從句
具體:
動詞
1.當主句謂語是等,且賓語從句的主語與主句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為不定式結構。
例如:
We decided that we would help him.
→We decided to help him.
know,learn,remember,forget,tell
2.當主句謂語動詞是等動詞,且主句主語與從句主語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。
例如:
She has forgotten how she can open the window.
→She has forgotten how to open the window.
tell,ask,show,teach
注:當主句謂語動詞是等動詞,且后帶雙賓語,從句主語和間接賓語一致時,賓語從句可簡化為“疑問詞+不定式”結構。
例如:
Could you tell me how I can get to the station?
→Could you tell me how to get to the station?
名詞
3.當主句的謂語動詞是order(命令),require(需要)等時,如果主句和從句的主語不一致,賓語從句可簡化為“()+不定式”結構。
例如:
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once.
→ The headmaster ordered us to start at once.
介詞
4.某些動詞后的賓語從句,可以用加動名詞(短語)等其他形式簡化。
例如:
He insisted that he should go with us.
→He insisted on going with us.
5.某些動詞后面的賓語從句可轉化為“賓語+V-ing形式(作賓語補足語)”結構。
例如:
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground.
→ Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.
此外,it做形式主語+賓語從句的結構也可以不定式(短語)來簡化。
It seemed/seems that從句→It seemed/seems to do .
例如:
It seemed that the boys were going to win.
→The boys seemed to win.
I found that it was difficult to learn English well.
→I found it difficult to learn English well.
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