2024年現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法總結(jié)，考點(diǎn)，疑難

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本構(gòu)成：

have/has + done(過(guò)去分詞)

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要作用：

1. 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作或者已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)象在造成的影響。

I have finished my task.

我已經(jīng)完成了我的工作。

動(dòng)作finish發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是，工作已經(jīng)完成。

I have started the machine.

我已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了機(jī)器。

動(dòng)作start發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響是，機(jī)器已經(jīng)啟動(dòng)了。

2.表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去。

I have stayed in the city for twenty years.

我在這個(gè)城市已經(jīng)待了20年了。

I have worked abroad for two months.

我已經(jīng)在國(guó)外工作兩個(gè)月了。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的第三人稱(chēng)：

當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，have使用has, 及has done.

She has bought a book from the library.

她已經(jīng)從圖書(shū)館借了一本書(shū)。

The cat has die.

這個(gè)貓已經(jīng)死了。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)：

have been done,或者h(yuǎn)as been done

The room has been cleaned.

房間已經(jīng)被打掃了。

Those trees have been watered.

那些樹(shù)已經(jīng)澆水了。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定形式：

have/has not done, have/has not been done

They have not arrived at Beijing.

他們還沒(méi)到達(dá)北京呢。

His sister has not come back.

他的妹妹還沒(méi)有回來(lái).

The task has not been assigned.

工作還沒(méi)有被分配呢。

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問(wèn)句：

have/has + 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去分詞) +其他?

Has your brother passed the exam ?

你哥哥已經(jīng)通過(guò)考試了嗎?

Have they made the gift for their parents?

他們已經(jīng)為他們的父母做禮物了嗎?

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問(wèn)句：

特殊疑問(wèn)詞　+ have/has + 主語(yǔ)+ 謂語(yǔ)(過(guò)去分詞) +其他?

What have you done?　你已經(jīng)做了什么事情?

Which books have you read?　你已經(jīng)讀了那本書(shū)?

一、結(jié)構(gòu)

have+done

I have already had lunch.

I haven'thad dinner yet.

Have you had dinner yet?

Yes, I have.

No,Ihaven't.

二、五大用法

1、已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響。

I have already cleaned the toilet.

I have just watered the flowers.

2、還沒(méi)有做或從來(lái)沒(méi)做過(guò)的事情

I haven't takena shower yet.

I havenever been toEgypt.

3、做一件事做過(guò)幾次

Ihave seen 'Titanic'twice.

He has been to thetoilet five times.

4、見(jiàn)過(guò)、聽(tīng)過(guò)的最………的

He is the fattest man I have ever seen.

This is the most beautiful music I have ever heard.

5、從過(guò)去一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)

He has lived in Beijing for 30 years.

He has lived in Beijing since 1981.

三、超級(jí)考點(diǎn)

have been to 去過(guò)哪兒

have gone to去……了

have been in 在哪兒待了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間

四、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式及過(guò)去分詞變化表

cost→cost →cost

cut→cut →cut

hit→hit →hit

let→let →let

put→put →put

read→read →read

hurt→hurt →hurt

burn→burnt→burnt

build→built→built

bring→brought→brought

buy→bought→bought

catch→caught→caught

feel→felt →felt

fight→fought→fought

find→found→found

get→got →got

hang→hanged/hung→hanged/ hung

hear→heard→heard

have→had →had

hold→held →held

keep→kept →kept

leave→left →left

learn→learned/learnt→learned/learnt

lend→lent →lent

lose→lost →lost

lay→laid →laid

make→made→made

meet→met →met

mean→meant→meant

pay→paid →paid

sell→sold →sold

show→showed→showed

smell→smelt→smelt

say→said →said

send→sent →sent

spend→spent→spent

sleep→slept→slept

stand→stood→stood

sweep→swept→swept

tell→told →told

think→thought→thought

teach→taught→taught

understand→understood→understood

win→won →won

blow→blew →blown

beat→beat→beaten

drive→drove→driven

draw→drew →drawn

eat→ate →eaten

fall→fell→fallen

give→gave→given

grow→grew →grown

know→knew →known

ride→rode→ridden

see→saw→seen

sit→sat →sat

take→took →taken

throw→threw→thrown

write→wrote →written

wake→woke →waken

break→broke→broken

choose→chose→chosen

forget→forgot→forgotten

freeze→froze→frozen

speak→spoke→spoken

steal→stole→stolen

be(am, is)→was→been

be(are)→were →been

begin→began→begun

drink→drank→drunk

do→did →done

fly→flew →flown

go→went →gone

lie→lay →lain

ring→rang →rung

sing→sang →sung

swim→swam →swum

wear→wore →worn

become→became→become

come→came →come

run→ran→run

例題展示

1.---have you been an actor?

--- Forthree years.

A.When

B.How

C.How long

D.Why

2.They havegone to Tibet.

A.yet

B.just now

C.already

D.still

3.You don’t need to describeher. Iher several times.

A.had met

B.have met

C.met

D.meet

4.Mr. Li isn’t here. Heto England.

A.has been

B.have been

C.has gone

D.have gone

5.Mrs. Wang has lived inHaikou1992.

A.since

B.from

C.for

D.in

1.小胖已經(jīng)在北京住了10年了。

2.我剛剛丟了我的歷史書(shū)。

3.我以前從來(lái)沒(méi)去過(guò)那個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。

4.你已經(jīng)看過(guò)這部電影了嗎?

5.他是我見(jiàn)過(guò)的最仔細(xì)的男孩。

答案：CCBCA

XiaoPanghas lived in Beijing for10years.

Ihave just lost myhistorybook.

I haveneverbeen to the farm.

Have you seen the film?

He is the most careful boyI haveeverseen.

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