一般將來(lái)時(shí)的含義
一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。
一般將來(lái)時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)
1. will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形
will 在陳述句中用于各種人稱;shall用于第一人稱，常被will 所代替。
否定式：will not=won't;shall not=shan't
一般疑問(wèn)式：will/shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式?
I will/shall do a better job next time. 下次我要做得好些。
Oil and water will not mix. 油和水沒法混在一起。
—Will he help you with your English tonight? 今天晚上他會(huì)幫助你學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)嗎?
—Yes, he will./No, he won't. 是的，他會(huì)。/不，他不會(huì)。
—When will you arrive for America? 你什么時(shí)候去美國(guó)?
—Tomorrow. 明天。
2. am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形
否定式：am/is/are not going to +動(dòng)詞原形
一般疑問(wèn)式：am/is/are +主語(yǔ)+ going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+其他?
特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式?
He is going to spend his holidays in London. 他打算在倫敦度假。
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm. 看那烏云，快要下雨了。
Is he going to collect any data for us? 他會(huì)幫我們收集數(shù)據(jù)嗎?
What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天你打算作什么?
一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法
will+動(dòng)詞原形與am/is/are going to +動(dòng)詞原形的用法雖然都表示將來(lái)發(fā)生動(dòng)作或情況，一般情況下能互換。但它們的用法是有區(qū)別的。
1. will主要用于在以下三個(gè)方面：
(1)表示主觀意愿的將來(lái)。
They will go to visit the factory tomorrow.
明天他們將去廠參觀工廠。
I’ll come with Wang Bing, Liu Tao and Yang Ling.
我將和王兵、劉濤、楊玲一起來(lái)。
(2)表示不以人的意志為轉(zhuǎn)移的客觀的將來(lái)。
Today is Saturday. Tomorrow will be Sunday.
今天是星期六。明天是(將)是星期日。
He will be thirty years old this time next year.
明年這個(gè)時(shí)候他就(將)三十歲。
(3)表示臨時(shí)決定，通常用于對(duì)話中。
—Mary has been ill for a week.
瑪麗病了一周了。
—Oh, I didn't know. I will go and see her.
噢，我不知道。我去看看她。
2. be going to主要用于一下兩個(gè)方面：
(1)表示事先經(jīng)過(guò)考慮、安排好打算、計(jì)劃要做某事。
Dad and I are going to watch an opera this afternoon.
今天下午我和爸爸打算去看歌劇。
(2)表示根據(jù)目前某種跡象判斷，某事非常有可能發(fā)生，表示推測(cè)。
Look! There come the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
瞧!烏云密集。天要下雨了。
用其他時(shí)態(tài)表示將來(lái)含義的情況
1. 用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞和持續(xù)動(dòng)詞都可以用其現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表達(dá)將來(lái)的含義，主要表示按規(guī)定或時(shí)間預(yù)計(jì)要發(fā)生的事。(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)任何時(shí)候都表示將來(lái)的含義，持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行時(shí)只有在含有將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或?qū)?lái)語(yǔ)境的條件下才表示將來(lái))
The bus is coming. 公交車就要來(lái)了。
The students are leaving on Sunday. 學(xué)生們星期日出發(fā)。
We’re having a party next week. 我們下星期將開一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
2. 用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)。
(1)come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等瞬時(shí)位移動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)含義，主要用來(lái)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火車明天上午六點(diǎn)開。
(2)在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。(主將從現(xiàn))
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就寫信給你。
If it doesn't rain tomorrow, we will have a party in the park. 如果明天不下雨，我們就在公園舉行一個(gè)聚會(huì)。
There be結(jié)構(gòu)的一般將來(lái)時(shí)
肯定式：There will be;There is/are going to be
否定式：There won't be;There is/are not going to be
一般疑問(wèn)式：Will there be...;Is/are there going to be...
特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式
There will be a basketball match this afternoon.
=There is going to be a basketball match this afternoon.
今天下午會(huì)有一場(chǎng)籃球賽。
There won't be a basketball match this afternoon.
=There isn't going to be a basketball match this afternoon.
今天下午沒有籃球賽。
Will there be a basketball match this afternoon?
=Is there going to be a basketball match this afternoon?
今天下午有籃球賽嗎?
When will there be a basketball match?
=When is there going to be a basketball match?
什么時(shí)候有一場(chǎng)籃球賽?
練習(xí)及答案
【典型考例1】
(2019天津)---What is your plan for next weekend，Lingling?
----I volunteer work in the museum.
A. was doing B. did C. have done D. am going to do
【析】正確答案D。句意是：玲玲，下周末的安排是什么?我打算到博物館去作志愿者。根據(jù)上文的next weekend(下周末)可知，玲玲的回答是指下周的打算，所以用一般將來(lái)時(shí)，因此，正確答案為D。
【典型考例】
(2019四川內(nèi)江)---Have you watched the new movie，Joe?
---No，I________ it with my sister this evening.
A.watch B.are watching C.watched D.will watch
【析】正確答案：D。句意是：?jiǎn)蹋憧戳诉@部新電影嗎?沒有。我今晚將和我妹妹一起去看。根據(jù)本句末的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this evening可知，看新電影這動(dòng)作是將來(lái)要做的事情，因此動(dòng)詞使用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。所以， 正確答案為D。
【典型考例】
(2019天津)----Could you tell me for the fruit?
----By paying over the Internet.
A. how much will I pay B. how much I will pay
C. how will I pay D. how I will pay
【析】正確答案D。句意是：你能告訴我怎樣付這水果的錢嗎?通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)支付。根據(jù)答語(yǔ)by paying over the Internet可知，賓語(yǔ)從句是用特殊疑問(wèn)句how will I pay來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)摹５厥庖蓡?wèn)句作賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，應(yīng)使用“特殊疑問(wèn)詞+陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)，所以正確答案為D。
【典型考例】
(2019湖南湘西)---We will go for a picnic if it _____ this Sunday.
----Sounds great.
A.won’t rain B.is sunny C.will be sunny
【析】正確答案：B。句意是：本周性其他我們要去郊游。聽起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。在if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以正確答案為B.
強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
一、用所給單詞的正確形式填空，使句子意思完整。
1.(2019山東青島)English Day is coming, and we ________(organize) an English party soon.
2.(2019江蘇連云港)---More than 20 international students _____( go on a school trip ) with us next week, won’t they ?
---Yes, they will.
3. (2019山東濟(jì)寧)China's first set of AI(人工智能) textbooks ______ (come) into the classrooms of primary and secondary school soon in many parts of China.
4.(2019江蘇南通)There is something wrong with my computer.
—Don’t worry. I (deal) with it for you.
二、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.(2019重慶A卷)Next week, each student in the class _____ a small gift from their teachers.
A.receives B.received C.will receive D.has received
2.(2019江西)---I’ve never seen Mr. Taylor before.
---Don’t worry. I _____ him to you before the meeting.
A.will introduce B.introduced C.have introduced D.had introduced
3.(2019四川樂山)---You’d better take an umbrella. The weather report says it _____in the afternoon.
----Thank you. I will put one in my bag.
A. will rain B. rain C. is raining
4.(2019甘肅蘭州) In the near future, there _______ self-driving cars in our city.
A. is B. was C. are D. will be
5.(2019湖南益陽(yáng))Susan and her sister ________some photos in the park the day after tomorrow.
A. take B. took C. will take
6.(2019貴州安順)----Nancy __________us a report as soon as she __________tomorrow.
----How great! I will be there.
A. gives, is arriving B. gives, ill arrive
C. will give, arrives D. gives, arrives
7.(2019北京)If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
8.(2019湖北隨州)----Could you please tell me _______?
----Next week.
A. when he comes back B. when does he come back
C. when he will come back D. when will he come back
9.(2019四川廣元)If you study hard, you ________ into a good senior high school.
A. got B. will get C. get
10.(2019廣西百色)---Your father has gone to Shenzhen on business , hasn’t he ?
---Yes. And he _____ in two weeks.
A.will return B.has returned C.returned D.returns
11.(2019北京)If you want to visit the Palace Museum, I tickets for you tomorrow.
A. will book B. booked C. have booked D. was booking
12.(2019青海)If you are friendly to others, you ____ make more friends.
A.would B.could C.will
13.(2019甘肅天水)---I don ' t know if Sam tomorrow.
---Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he .
A. will come; comes B. comes; will come
C. will come; will come D. comes; comes
14.(2019大慶)---My car ____ yesterday. Could you please give me a ride tomorrow?
---I’m sorry I can’t. I’m ____ Dalian tomorrow morning.
A. breaks down; flying at B.has broken down; flying at
B. broke down; flying to D.had broken down; flying to
15.(2019貴州黔西南、黔東南、黔南)Tom won’t go to bed until his father _____ back from work.
A.will come B.came C.comes D.come
三、完成句子
1.(2019湖北襄陽(yáng))他說(shuō)“一帶一路”將會(huì)把中國(guó)和越來(lái)越多的歐洲國(guó)家成功地聯(lián)系起來(lái)。(connect)
He said the Belt and Road____________________.
2.(2019遼寧本溪)下周我們學(xué)校將有一場(chǎng)才藝表演。
______ a talent show in our school next week.
3.(2019遼寧撫順)十年后，撫順將有巨大的變化。
______________________ great changes in Fushun in 10 years.
4.(2019遼寧撫順)如果明天下雨，這次比賽將推遲。
______________________________________________
5.(2019遼寧鐵嶺)書讀得越多，我們得到的就越多。
6.(2019遼寧盤錦)這個(gè)寶寶一看見她的媽媽，她就會(huì)笑。
7.(2019貴州黔西南)My friend asked me, “When will you go to Hainan for your holiday?” (改為同義句)
My friend asked me ______ I _____ go to Hainan for my holiday.
答案
一、1.will organize; 2.will go on a school trip; 3. will come; 4.will deal
二、1--5;CAADC; 6--10CACBA; 11---15ACABC
三、1.would successfully connect China with a growing number of European countries.
2. There will be/is going to.
3.There will be
4. If it rains/ there is rain tomorrow, this/the game/ match will be
5.The more (books)we read，the more we will/can get.
6.The baby will smile/ laugh/ giggle as soon as she sees her mom/ mother.
As soon as she sees her mom/ mother, the baby will smile/ laugh/ giggle.
7.when. would
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